Volume 3, Issue 2 (April 2024)
Health Science Monitor 2024, 3(2): 141-147 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Rostam pour F. Epidemiological patterns of animal bites in Northwest of Iran. Health Science Monitor 2024; 3 (2) :141-147
URL: http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-136-en.html
URL: http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-136-en.html
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
Abstract: (745 Views)
Background & Aims: Mortality and morbidity resulting from injuries caused by animals are increasing globally. Among these injuries, rabies, one of the oldest zoonosis viral diseases, remains one of the most important threats to public health in the 21st century. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology of animal bites and associated factors in Maku city.
Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1,401 cases with animal bites referred to the Maku Rabies Treatment Center were investigated using the census method from 2016 to 2019. The variables included the victims’ demographic information (age, gender, occupation), the types of biting animals (dog, cat, and other animals), domesticated and wild animals, the time of biting based on year and month, the event area (urban or rural), the treatment status, and the anatomical location of the wounds.
Results: The mean incidence rate of animal bites was 387.4 per 100,000 people. In total, 73.7% of the victims were male. Individuals in the age range of 36-50 and 11-20 years were at a greater risk. The majority of the animal bites were from dogs (90.8%), and (95.2%) were from household animals. A total of 82.7% of individuals lived in rural areas. Most victims were students and housewives. The highest prevalence of animal bites (36.2%) happened in the summer.
Conclusion: These findings suggest a need for increased awareness and preventative measures to reduce the incidence of animal bites in the studied region.
Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1,401 cases with animal bites referred to the Maku Rabies Treatment Center were investigated using the census method from 2016 to 2019. The variables included the victims’ demographic information (age, gender, occupation), the types of biting animals (dog, cat, and other animals), domesticated and wild animals, the time of biting based on year and month, the event area (urban or rural), the treatment status, and the anatomical location of the wounds.
Results: The mean incidence rate of animal bites was 387.4 per 100,000 people. In total, 73.7% of the victims were male. Individuals in the age range of 36-50 and 11-20 years were at a greater risk. The majority of the animal bites were from dogs (90.8%), and (95.2%) were from household animals. A total of 82.7% of individuals lived in rural areas. Most victims were students and housewives. The highest prevalence of animal bites (36.2%) happened in the summer.
Conclusion: These findings suggest a need for increased awareness and preventative measures to reduce the incidence of animal bites in the studied region.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2023/07/29 | Accepted: 2023/12/13 | Published: 2024/04/9
Received: 2023/07/29 | Accepted: 2023/12/13 | Published: 2024/04/9
References
1. Ngugi JN, Maza AK, Omolo OJ, Obonyo M. Epidemiology and surveillance of human animal-bite injuries and rabies post-exposure prophylaxis, in selected counties in Kenya, 2011-2016. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):996. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
2. Dendle C, Looke D. Review article: Animal bites: an update for management with a focus on infections. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2008;20(6):458-67. [DOI] [PMID]
3. World Health Organization. Animal bites. World Health Organization; 2018. Available from: http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/animal-bites. [URL]
4. Liu Q, Wang X, Liu B, Gong Y, Mkandawire N, Li W, et al. Improper wound treatment and delay of rabies post exposure prophylaxis of animal bite victims in China: Prevalence and determinants. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2017;11(7):e0005663. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
5. Zadeh Ahmed S, Hosni S. Epidemiological investigation of animal bites in the cities covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and Torbat Heydarieh during the years 2015-2015. Journal of Student Research Committee of Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences. 2019 Nov 10;1(2):23-35. [URL]
6. Ghavi S, Borna H, Davari A, Dehghani AS, Derakhshan S. Investigating the prevalence of animal bites in Qaenat city during the years 2016-2020. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. 2023 Jan 21;65(6):2245-55. [Google Scholar]
7. Rostampour F, Masoudi S. Time series modeling of animal bites. Journal of Acute Disease. 2023 Jun 1;12(3):121-8. [DOI]
8. Sharafi AC, Tarrahi MJ, et al. Epidemiological study of animal bites and rabies in Lorestan Province in west of Iran during 2004-2014 for preventive purposes. International Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2016;7:104. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
9. World Health Organization. WHO expert consultation on rabies: Second report. World Health Organization; 2013. [Google Books]
10. World Health Organization. WHO expert consultation on rabies. First report. World Health Organization; 2005. [Google Scholar]
11. Babaian Moghadam M, Hashemi Nazari SS. Epidemiological study of animal bites and related injuries in Quchan city in 2013. [Google Scholar]
12. Dehghani A, Ardakani SAP, et al. Epidemiological patterns of animal bites in Yazd Province (central Iran) between 2013 and 2017. Journal of Acute Disease. 2019;8(5):195. [DOI]
13. Nikbakht HA, Heydari H, Malakzadeh Kebria R, Yegane Kasgari M, Mirzad M, Hosseini SR. Epidemiological patterns of animal bite injuries in victims under 18 year old in Babol, Iran (2010-14). Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences. 2015;17(11):67-73. [Google Scholar]
14. Matter HC. The epidemiology of bite and scratch injuries by vertebrate animals in Switzerland. European Journal of Epidemiology. 1998;14(5):483-90. [DOI] [PMID]
15. Sharafi AC, Tarrahi MJ, Saki M, Sharafi MM, Nasiri E, Mokhayeri H. Epidemiological Study of Animal Bites and Rabies in Lorestan Province in West of Iran During 2004-2014 for Preventive Purposes. International Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2016;7:104. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
16. Rezaeinasab M, Rad I, Bahonar AR, Rashidi H, Fayaz A, Simani S, et al. The prevalence of rabies and animal bites during 1994 to 2003 in Kerman province, southeast of Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. 2007;8(4):343-50. [URL]
17. Al Abaidani I, Al Abri S, Prakash KP, Hussain MH, Hussain MH, Al Rawahi AH. Epidemiology of rabies in Oman: a retrospective study (1991-2013). Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2015;21(8):591-7. [DOI]
18. Mohtasham-Amiri Z, Pourmarzi D, Razi M. Epidemiology of dog bite, a potential source of rabies in Guilan, north of Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 2015;5:S104-S8. [DOI]
19. Farahtaj F, Fayaz A, Howaizi N, Biglari P, Gholami A. Human rabies in Iran. Tropical Doctor. 2014;44(4):226-9. [DOI] [PMID]
20. Ramos JM, Melendez N, Reyes F, Gudiso G, Biru D, Fano G, et al. Epidemiology of animal bites and other potential rabies exposures and anti-rabies vaccine utilization in a rural area in Southern Ethiopia. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine. 2015;22(1):76-9. [DOI] [PMID]
21. Sarbishgi Moghadam M, Mehranpour R, Abdollahzadeh R. Epidemiologic Study of Animal Bites in Sarbisheh County 2011-16. Beyhagh. 2016 May 23;21(4):38-45. [Google Scholar]
22. Abedi M, Doosti-Irani A, Jahanbakhsh F, Sahebkar A. Epidemiology of animal bite in Iran during a 20-year period (1993-2013): a meta-analysis. Tropical medicine and health. 2019 Dec;47:1-3. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
23. Aghahowa S, Ogbevoen R. Incidence of dog bite and anti-rabies vaccine utilization in the, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria: A 12-year assessment. Vaccine. 2010;28(30):4847-50. [DOI] [PMID]
24. Khazaei S, Ayubi E, Nematollahi S, Mansouri K, Ahmadi-Pishkuhi M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, et al. Pattern of pediatric animal bites and post exposure prophylaxis in Isfahan Province-Iran, 2015. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2016 Jun 1;4(6):1977-82. [Google Scholar]
25. Alavinia SM, Yaghubi M, Rajabzadeh R, Seyed Sharifi SH. An epidemiologic study of animal bites in North Khorasan Province, Iran, from 2005 to 2011. Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology. 2014 Jan 10;3(1):1-6. [DOI]
26. Kassiri H, Khodkar I, Kazemi S, Kasiri N, Lotfi M. A five years record of epidemiological profile and the frequency of animal bites in Khorramshahr county,(2013-2017). Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2019 Dec 10;6(2):33-23. [DOI]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
