Volume 4, Issue 3 (August 2025)
Health Science Monitor 2025, 4(3): 188-195 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Ahmadi N, Ghaemi M R, Houshmand H R, Nasimfar A. Study of the Frequency of Risk Factors for Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Outpatients Aged 6 to 18 Years Visiting Allergy Clinics. Health Science Monitor 2025; 4 (3) :188-195
URL: http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-214-en.html
URL: http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-214-en.html
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
Abstract: (209 Views)
Background Rhinosinusitis is a complex disease that impacts the lives of both patients and their families, placing a considerable burden on healthcare systems. This study aimed to examine the frequency of risk factors for chronic rhinosinusitis in outpatients attending the allergy clinics of Shahid Motahari Hospital in Urmia in 2021.
Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on all outpatients aged 6 to 18 years diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis who visited the allergy clinic at Shahid Motahari Hospital in Urmia in 2021. The patients were categorized into two age groups (6-12 years and 13-18 years). Demographic information and medical histories were collected using a checklist and analyzed with SPSS software, version 22.
Results The prevalence of atopy in this study was 63.6%. Asthma was found in 63.9% of patients, and allergic rhinitis was present in 21.9%. The second most prevalent condition was GERD, with an occurrence rate of 20%. The most common sinonasal anatomical variation observed was adenoid hypertrophy (32.3%), followed by septal deviation in 11.5% of patients. No significant association was found between atopy and age, gender, tobacco smoke exposure, or the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis (p > 0.05).
Conclusion This study investigated various risk factors associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. The overall prevalence of atopy, GERD, tobacco smoke exposure, adenoid hypertrophy, and septal deviation was significant. Further research with a larger sample size and a control group is essential to assess whether these factors are associated with the diagnosis and improved management of chronic rhinosinusitis.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2024/12/29 | Accepted: 2025/04/16 | Published: 2025/08/19
Received: 2024/12/29 | Accepted: 2025/04/16 | Published: 2025/08/19
References
1. Benninger MS, Ferguson BJ, Hadley JA, Hamilos DL, Jacobs M, Kennedy DW, et al. Adult chronic rhinosinusitis: definitions, diagnosis, epidemiology, and pathophysiology. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003; 129(3): S1-S32. [DOI] [PMID]
2. Stevens WW, Schleimer RP, Kern RC. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016; 4(4): 565-572. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
3. Shahid SK. Rhinosinusitis in children. Int Scholarly Res Notices. 2012; 2012(1): 851831. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
4. Steinke JW, Payne SC, Borish L. Eosinophils and mast cells in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2016; 36(4): 719. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
5. Baptista P, Garaycochea O, Prieto-Matos C, de Linera Alperi MA, Alcalde J. Lacrimal Diversion Devices (Sinopsys Lacrimal Stent): Sharing our Experience with Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Polyposis. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019; 23(04): e422-e426. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
6. Ghadersohi S, Tan BK. Contemporary pharmacotherapy for allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2017; 50(6): 1135-1151. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
7. Guilbert T, Zeiger RS, Haselkorn T, Iqbal A, Alvarez C, Mink DR, et al. Racial disparities in asthma-related health outcomes in children with severe/difficult-to-treat asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019; 7(2): 568-577. [DOI] [PMID]
8. Halderman AA, Tully LJ. The role of allergy in chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2017; 50(6): 1077-1090. [DOI] [PMID]
9. Lee D, Rosenfeld RM. Adenoid bacteriology and sinonasal symptoms in children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997; 116(3): 301-307.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0194-5998(97)70264-X [DOI] [PMID]
10. Beswick DM, Ramadan H, Baroody FM, Hwang PH. Practice patterns in pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis: a survey of the American Rhinologic Society. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2016; 30(6): 418-423. [DOI] [PMID]
11. Paul D. Sinus infection and adenotonsillitis in pediatric patients. The Laryngoscope. 1981; 91(6): 997-1000. [DOI] [PMID]
12. Ramadan HH. Revision endoscopic sinus surgery in children: surgical causes of failure. Laryngoscope. 2009; 119(6): 1214-1217. [DOI] [PMID]
13. Rosenfeld RM. Pilot study of outcomes in pediatric rhinosinusitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995; 121(7): 729-736. [DOI] [PMID]
14. Soler ZM, Rosenbloom JS, Skarada D, Gutman M, Hoy MJ, Nguyen SA. Prospective, multicenter evaluation of balloon sinus dilation for treatment of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2017; 7(3): 221-229. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
15. Talaat A, Bahgat Y, El-Ghazzawy E, Elwany S. Nasopharyngeal bacterial flora before and after adenoidectomy. J Laryngol Otol. 1989; 103(4): 372-374. [DOI] [PMID]
16. Jones N. CT of the paranasal sinuses: a review of the correlation with clinical, surgical and histopathological findings. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2002; 27(1): 11-17. [DOI] [PMID]
17. Zuliani G, Carron M, Gurrola J, Coleman C, Haupert M, Berk R, et al. Identification of adenoid biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006; 70(9): 1613-1617. [DOI] [PMID]
18. Azila A, Irfan M, Rohaizan Y, Shamim A. The prevalence of anatomical variations in osteomeatal unit in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Med J Malaysia. 2011; 66(3): 191-194. [Google Scholar]
19. Kaygusuz A, Haksever M, Akduman D, Aslan S, Sayar Z. Sinonasal anatomical variations: their relationship with chronic rhinosinusitis and effect on the severity of disease-a computerized tomography assisted anatomical and clinical study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014; 66(3): 260-266. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
20. Yüksel F, Dogan M, Karatas D, Yüce S, Sentürk M, Külahli I. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in children with chronic otitis media with effusion. J Craniofac Surg. 2013; 24(2): 380-383. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
21. Tiwari R, Goyal R. Study of anatomical variations on CT in chronic sinusitis. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015; 67(1): 18-20. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
22. Suskind DL, Zeringue GP, 3rd, Kluka EA, Udall J, Liu DC. Gastroesophageal reflux and pediatric otolaryngologic disease: the role of antireflux surgery. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001; 127(5): 511-514. [DOI] [PMID]
23. Goldstein-Daruech N, Cope EK, Zhao KQ, Vukovic K, Kofonow JM, Doghramji L, et al. Tobacco smoke mediated induction of sinonasal microbial biofilms. PLoS One. 2011; 6(1): e15700. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
24. Rudmik L, Mace JC, Smith TL. Smoking and endoscopic sinus surgery: does smoking volume contribute to clinical outcome? Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2011; 1(3): 145-152. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
25. Lanza DC, Kennedy DW. Adult rhinosinusitis defined. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997; 117(3_suppl): S1-S7. [DOI]
26. Choi S-H, Han M-Y, Ahn Y-M, Park Y-M, Kim C-K, Kim H-H, et al. Predisposing factors associated with chronic and recurrent rhinosinusitis in childhood. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2012; 4(2): 80-84. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
27. Schubert MS. Medical treatment of allergic fungal sinusitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2000; 85(2): 90-98. [DOI] [PMID]
28. Campbell JM, Graham M, Gray HC, Bower C, Blaiss MS, Jones SM. Allergic fungal sinusitis in children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006; 96(2): 286-290. [DOI] [PMID]
29. White AA, Stevenson DD. Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease: update on pathogenesis and desensitization. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2012; 33(6):588-594 . [DOI] [PMID]
30. Samter M, BEERS JR RF. Intolerance to aspirin: clinical studies and consideration of its pathogenesis. Ann Intern Med. 1968; 68(5): 975-983. [DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-975] [PMID]
31. Farhadi M, Danesh A, Tabatabaei A, Sotoudeh M, Salek Moghaddam AR, AR S. Sotoudeh M. CD4, CD3 and CD8 cell counts and CD4/CD8 ratio in sinus mucosa and serum IgE levels in adults with chronic sinusitis undergoing surgery. Razi Medical Sciences. 2009; 11(42): 577. [Google Scholar]
32. Cepero R, Smith RJ, Catlin FI, Bressler KL, Furuta GT, Shandera KC. Cystic fibrosis-an otolaryngologic perspective. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1987; 97(4): 356-360. [DOI] [PMID]
33. Kerrebijn J, Poublon R, Overbeek S. Nasal and paranasal disease in adult cystic fibrosis patients. Eur Respir J. 1992; 5(10): 1239-1242. [DOI] [PMID]
34. Mohammadi M, Mohabbadpour MA, Dehestani A, Mohammadzadeh I. The survey of prevalence of allergic disorders in chronic sinusitis of children referred to infectious, immunologic and allergic diseases' clinic of Amirkola children's hospital in 2011-2012. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2017; 24 (155):50-56. [Google Scholar]
35. Oomen KP, April MM. Sinonasal manifestations in cystic fibrosis. Int J Otolaryngol. 2012; 2012(1): 789572. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
36. Steinke JW, Payne SC, Chen PG, Negri J, Stelow EB, Borish L. Etiology of nasal polyps in cystic fibrosis: not a unimodal disease. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2012; 121(9): 579-586. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
37. Tandon R, Derkay C. Contemporary management of rhinosinusitis and cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003; 11(1): 41-44. [DOI] [PMID]
38. Ahn J-C, Kim J-W, Lee CH, Rhee C-S. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic rhinosinusitus, allergic rhinitis, and nasal septal deviation: results of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 2008-2012. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016; 142(2): 162-167. [DOI] [PMID]
39. Bijani B, Barqi RQ, Alamooti JN. Radiologic association between chronic sinusitis and anatomical variations of the nasal cavity. Journal of Inflammatory Diseases. 2018; 22(3): 13-22. [DOI]
40. Chang EH, Stern DA, Willis AL, Guerra S, Wright AL, Martinez FD. Early life risk factors for chronic sinusitis: a longitudinal birth cohort study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018; 141(4): 1291-1297. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
41. Gao W-X, Ou C-Q, Fang S-B, Sun Y-Q, Zhang H, Cheng L, et al. Occupational and environmental risk factors for chronic rhinosinusitis in China: a multicentre cross-sectional study. Respir Res. 2016; 17(1): 54. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
42. Hwang CS, Lee HS, Kim SN, Kim JH, Park D-J, Kim K-S. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic rhinosinusitis in the elderly population of Korea. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2019; 33(3): 240-246. [DOI] [PMID]
43. Min Y-G, Jung H-W, Kim H, Park S, Yoo K. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic sinusitis in Korea: results of a nationwide survey. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1996; 253(7): 435-439. [DOI] [PMID]
44. Orb Q, Curtin K, Oakley GM, Wong J, Meier J, Orlandi RR, et al. Familial risk of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope. 2016; 126(3): 739-745. [DOI] [PMID]
45. El-Hakim H, Malik AC, Aronyk K, Ledi E, Bhargava R. The prevalence of intracranial complications in pediatric frontal sinusitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006; 70(8): 1383-1387. [DOI] [PMID]
46. Sedaghat AR, Kuan EC, Scadding GK. Epidemiology of chronic rhinosinusitis: prevalence and risk factors. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022; 10(6): 1395-1403. [DOI] [PMID]
47. Görgülü O, Özdemir S, Canbolat EP, Sayar Ç, Olgun MK, Akbaş Y. Analysis of the roles of smoking and allergy in nasal polyposis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2012; 121(9): 615-619. [DOI] [PMID]
48. Bothwell MR, Parsons DS, Talbot A, Barbero GJ, Wilder B. Outcome of reflux therapy on pediatric chronic sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999; 121(3): 255-262. [DOI] [PMID]
49. Mohsenh WA, Aljthalin RA, Aljthalin RA, Al-Bahkaly S. Risk factors of recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Saudi Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. 2019; 21(2): 33-36. [DOI]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
