Volume 4, Issue 1 (January 2025)
Health Science Monitor 2025, 4(1): 29-36 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Lone P A, Shah B A, Aslam N, Khan M A. Microscopic alterations in the hepatic architecture of male albino rats following administration of nandrolone decanoate. Health Science Monitor 2025; 4 (1) :29-36
URL: http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-194-en.html
URL: http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-194-en.html
Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Anantnag
Abstract: (472 Views)
Background & Aims: The synthetic testosterone analog nandrolone decanoate (ND) is one of the most commonly used anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) among athletes and teens. Athletes who consume anabolic androgenic steroids regularly are more likely to develop liver issues, although the exact process is unknown. This experimental investigation aims to evaluate the impact of nandrolone decanoate treatment on the hepatic architecture of male rats.
Materials & Methods: For the purpose of this study, twenty male albino rats were separated into two groups. Group A received peanut oil as a control, whereas Group B received weekly injections of nandrolone decanoate at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for eight weeks. The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks, following the guidelines provided by the Ethics Committee. After the rats were dissected, the liver tissue was collected and fixed in accordance with standard histological protocols. Hematoxylin and eosin were used to stain sections, and microscopic observations were recorded in both groups.
Results: After 8 weeks, microscopic examination of the liver in the control group revealed no noticeable changes, while the group treated with nandrolone decanoate displayed large Kupffer cells, vacuolation of the hepatocytes, congestion of the central vein, and dilatation of the hepatic sinusoids.
Conclusion: The research showed that abusing nandrolone decanoate causes liver issues such as hepatic sinusoidal dilatation, congestion, and vacuolation of hepatocytes. It also causes congestion in the central vein. This research highlights the need for well-designed trials with appropriate dosage considerations, as well as the examination of the long-term effects of nandrolone decanoate.
Materials & Methods: For the purpose of this study, twenty male albino rats were separated into two groups. Group A received peanut oil as a control, whereas Group B received weekly injections of nandrolone decanoate at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for eight weeks. The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks, following the guidelines provided by the Ethics Committee. After the rats were dissected, the liver tissue was collected and fixed in accordance with standard histological protocols. Hematoxylin and eosin were used to stain sections, and microscopic observations were recorded in both groups.
Results: After 8 weeks, microscopic examination of the liver in the control group revealed no noticeable changes, while the group treated with nandrolone decanoate displayed large Kupffer cells, vacuolation of the hepatocytes, congestion of the central vein, and dilatation of the hepatic sinusoids.
Conclusion: The research showed that abusing nandrolone decanoate causes liver issues such as hepatic sinusoidal dilatation, congestion, and vacuolation of hepatocytes. It also causes congestion in the central vein. This research highlights the need for well-designed trials with appropriate dosage considerations, as well as the examination of the long-term effects of nandrolone decanoate.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2024/09/2 | Accepted: 2024/12/7 | Published: 2025/02/27
Received: 2024/09/2 | Accepted: 2024/12/7 | Published: 2025/02/27
References
1. Angell P, Chester N, Green D, Somauroo J, Whyte G, George K. Anabolic steroids and cardiovascular risk. Sports Medicine. 42(2):119-34. doi: 10.2165/11598060-000000000-00000. PMID: 22229259. [DOI] [PMID]
2. Nieschlag E, Vorona E. Doping with anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS): Adverse effects on non-reproductive organs and functions. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2015;16(3):199-211. doi: 10.1007/s11154-015-9320-5. [DOI] [PMID]
3. Piacentino D, Kotzalidis GD, Del Casale A, Aromatario MR, Pomara C, Girardi P, Sani G. Anabolic-androgenic steroid use and psychopathology in athletes. A systematic review. Current Neuropharmacology. 2015;13(1):101-21. doi: 10.2174/1570159X13666141210222725. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
4. De Piccoli B, Giada F, Benettin A, Sartori F, Piccolo E. Anabolic steroid use in body builders: an echocardiographic study of left ventricle morphology and function. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 1991;12(4):408-12. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1024703. [DOI] [PMID]
5. Rocha FL, Carmo EC, Roque FR, Krieger JE, Oliveira EM. et al. Anabolic steroids induce cardiac renin-angiotensin system and impair the beneficial effects of aerobic training in rats. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2007;293(6):H3575-83. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.01251.2006. [DOI] [PMID]
6. Yesalis CE, Bahrke MS. Anabolic-androgenic steroids. Current issues. Sports Medicine. 1995;19(5):326-40. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199519050-00003. [DOI] [PMID]
7. Strawford A, Barbieri T, King J, Hellerstein MK. et al. Resistance exercise and supraphysiologic androgen therapy in eugonadal men with HIV-related weight loss: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of The American Medical Association. 1999;281(14):1282-90. doi: 10.1001/jama.281.14.1282. [DOI] [PMID]
8. Pärssinen M, Seppälä T. Steroid use and long-term health risks in former athletes. Sports Med. 2002;32(2):83-94. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200232020-00001. [DOI] [PMID]
9. Shahidi NT. A review of the chemistry, biological action, and clinical applications of anabolic-androgenic steroids. Clinical Therapeutics. 2001;23(9):1355-90. doi: 10.1016/s0149-2918(01)80114-4. [DOI] [PMID]
10. Frankenfeld SP, de Oliveira LP, Carvalho DP, Fortunato RS. et al. Nandrolone decanoate inhibits gluconeogenesis and decreases fasting glucose in Wistar male rats. The Journal of endocrinology. 2014;220(2):143-53. doi: 10.1530/JOE-13-0259. [DOI] [PMID]
11. Fortunato RS, Marassi MP, Chaves EA, Nascimento JH, Rosenthal D, Carvalho DP. Chronic administration of anabolic androgenic steroid alters murine thyroid function. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2006;38(2):256-61. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000183357.19743.51. [DOI] [PMID]
12. Shabir, Naveera & Malik, Husna & Sajjad, Sumera & Nadeem Abbas, Muhammad. (2015). Effect of Nandrolone Decanoate, Boldenone Undecylenate on Renal Status of Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). 14. 432-438. 10.5829/idosi.gv.2015.14.03.92201. [Google Scholar]
13. Bento-Silva MT, Martins M do C de C e, Torres-Leal FL, Barros TL, Carvalho IL do NF de, Carvalho Filho HA, et al. Effects of administering testosterone undecanoate in rats subjected to physical exercise: effects on the estrous cycle, motor behavior and morphology of the liver and kidney. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2010;46(1):79-89. Available from: [DOI]
14. Shahidi NT. A review of the chemistry, biological action, and clinical applications of anabolic-androgenic steroids. Clinical Therapeutics. 2001;23(9):1355-90. doi: 10.1016/s0149-2918(01)80114-4. [DOI] [PMID]
15. M, Neri M, Riezzo I, Fineschi V. Side effects of AAS abuse: an overview. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. 2011;11(5):374-89. doi: 10.2174/138955711795445925 [DOI] [PMID]
16. van Amsterdam J, Opperhuizen A, Hartgens F. Adverse health effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2010;57(1):117-23. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.02.001. [DOI] [PMID]
17. Brower KJ. Anabolic steroid abuse and dependence. Current Psychiatry Reports. 2002;4(5):377-87. doi: 10.1007/s11920-002-0086-6. [DOI] [PMID]
18. Basaria S. Androgen abuse in athletes: detection and consequences. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2010;95(4):1533-43. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-1579. [DOI] [PMID]
19. Samieinasab MR, Shahraki MR, Samieinasab F, Najafi S. Influence of nandrolone decanoate administration on serum lipids and liver enzymes in rats. ARYA Atheroscler. 2015;11(4):256-60. [Google Scholar]
20. Ghorbanihaghjo A, Argani H, Rohbaninoubar M, Rashtchizadeh N. Effect of Nandrolone Decanoate on serum lipoprotein (a) and its isoforms in hemodialysis patients. Lipids in Health and Disease 2004; 3: 16. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
21. Hartgens F, Rietjens G, Keizer HA, Kuipers H, Wolffenbuttel BH. Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids on apolipoproteins and lipoprotein (a). British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2004; 38(3): 253-9 [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
22. Petrovic A, Vukadin S, Sikora R, Bojanic K, Smolic R, Plavec D, Wu GY, Smolic M. Anabolic androgenic steroid-induced liver injury: An update. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2022;28(26):3071-3080. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3071. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
23. Filho P, Gomes S, Forte P, Lima GA, Júnior S, Meneses G, et al. Kidney disease associated with androgenic-anabolic steroids and vitamin supplements abuse: Be aware! Nefrologia (Engl Ed). 2020;40(1):26-31. English, Spanish. doi: 10.1016/j.nefro.2019.06.003. [DOI] [PMID]
24. Vieira, Rodolfo Paula1; França, Rafaela Ferreira2; Damaceno-Rodrigues, Nilsa Regina1; Dolhnikoff, Marisa1; Caldini, Élia Garcia1; Carvalho, Celso Ricardo Fernandes3; Ribeiro, Welington2. Dose-Dependent Hepatic Response to Subchronic Administration of Nandrolone Decanoate. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 40(5):p 842-847, 2008. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181666f1c [DOI] [PMID]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
