Volume 3, Issue 3 (July 2024)
Health Science Monitor 2024, 3(3): 216-225 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Hosseinpoor S, Ebrahimi Gangchin L, Mirzazadeh Z, Nuraldin Chaman A, Mohammadi A. Influence of COVID-19 lockdowns on NO2 levels in Urmia city: a comparative analysis between 2018 and 2020. Health Science Monitor 2024; 3 (3) :216-225
URL: http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-169-en.html
URL: http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-169-en.html
Saeed Hosseinpoor 
, Leila Ebrahimi Gangchin , Zahra Mirzazadeh , Aven Nuraldin Chaman , Amir Mohammadi *
, Leila Ebrahimi Gangchin , Zahra Mirzazadeh , Aven Nuraldin Chaman , Amir Mohammadi *
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
Abstract: (603 Views)
Background & Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns imposed unprecedented changes in urban environments, impacting air quality worldwide. This study investigates the influence of COVID-19 lockdowns on nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels in Urmia City, Iran, between 2018 and 2020. NO2, a key air pollutant emitted from various sources including motor vehicles and heating systems, poses significant health risks. Through comparative analysis, this study examines NO2 concentrations during pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, aiming to understand the environmental consequences of lockdown measures.
Materials & Methods: Data collected from the Environmental Protection Agency of West Azerbaijan Province and analyzed using rigorous quality assurance measures reveal intriguing trends in NO2 levels across different seasons.
Results: Despite expectations of reduced emissions during lockdowns, findings suggest complex dynamics influencing air pollution levels, with notable increases observed during certain periods of stringent restrictions. Further research is recommended to explore discrepancies in air quality trends and develop sustainable environmental management strategies for future challenges.
Conclusion: This study contributes valuable insights into the environmental impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to safeguard public health and the environment. However, another source of NO2 emissions needed to be controlled.
Materials & Methods: Data collected from the Environmental Protection Agency of West Azerbaijan Province and analyzed using rigorous quality assurance measures reveal intriguing trends in NO2 levels across different seasons.
Results: Despite expectations of reduced emissions during lockdowns, findings suggest complex dynamics influencing air pollution levels, with notable increases observed during certain periods of stringent restrictions. Further research is recommended to explore discrepancies in air quality trends and develop sustainable environmental management strategies for future challenges.
Conclusion: This study contributes valuable insights into the environmental impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to safeguard public health and the environment. However, another source of NO2 emissions needed to be controlled.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Health and Environment
Received: 2024/04/2 | Accepted: 2024/06/8 | Published: 2024/07/8
Received: 2024/04/2 | Accepted: 2024/06/8 | Published: 2024/07/8
References
1. Akasha H, Ghaffarpasand O, Pope FD. Air pollution and economic growth in Dubai a fast-growing Middle Eastern city. Atmospheric Environment: X. 2024:100246. [DOI]
2. Nnaji CC, Chibueze C, Afangideh C. The menace and mitigation of air pollution in the built environment: A review. Nigerian Journal of Technology. 2023;42(1):12-29. [DOI]
3. Chen J, Zeng J, Shi C, Liu R, Lu R, Mao S, et al. Associations between short-term exposure to gaseous pollutants and pulmonary heart disease-related mortality among elderly people in Chengdu, China. Environmental Health. 2019;18:1-10. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
4. Pant P, Harrison RM. Estimation of the contribution of road traffic emissions to particulate matter concentrations from field measurements: A review. Atmospheric environment. 2013;77:78-97. [DOI]
5. ّFathi B, Moradi Z, Alinejad V, Firoozian S, Rikhtegar E. Investigating the distribution of risk factors of heart diseases and related factors in Urmia city in the year 2023. Health Science Monitor. 2024;3(1):77-83. [DOI]
6. Dales R, Blanco-Vidal C, Cakmak S. The association between air pollution and hospitalization of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Chile: a daily time series analysis. Chest. 2020;158(2):630-6. [DOI] [PMID]
7. MacLeod M, Papi A, Contoli M, Beghé B, Celli BR, Wedzicha JA, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation fundamentals: Diagnosis, treatment, prevention and disease impact. Respirology. 2021;26(6):532-51. [DOI] [PMID]
8. Soleimani Z, Teymouri P, Boloorani AD, Mesdaghinia A, Middleton N, Griffin DW. An overview of bioaerosol load and health impacts associated with dust storms: A focus on the Middle East. Atmospheric Environment. 2020;223:117187. [DOI]
9. He F, Deng Y, Li W. Coronavirus disease 2019: What we know? Journal of medical virology. 2020;92(7):719-25. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
10. Arora S, Bhaukhandi KD, Mishra PK. Coronavirus lockdown helped the environment to bounce back. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;742:140573. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
11. Bauwens M, Compernolle S, Stavrakou T, Müller JF, Van Gent J, Eskes H, et al. Impact of coronavirus outbreak on NO2 pollution assessed using TROPOMI and OMI observations. Geophysical Research Letters. 2020;47(11):e2020GL087978. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
12. Pacheco H, Díaz-López S, Jarre E, Pacheco H, Méndez W, Zamora-Ledezma E. NO2 levels after the COVID-19 lockdown in Ecuador: A trade-off between environment and human health. Urban Climate. 2020;34:100674. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
13. Zhang X, Tang M, Guo F, Wei F, Yu Z, Gao K, et al. Associations between air pollution and COVID-19 epidemic during quarantine period in China. Environmental Pollution. 2021;268:115897. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
14. Adams MD. Air pollution in Ontario, Canada during the COVID-19 State of Emergency. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;742:140516. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
15. Shami S, Ranjgar B, Bian J, Khoshlahjeh Azar M, Moghimi A, Amani M, et al. Trends of CO and NO2 Pollutants in Iran during COVID-19 pandemic using Timeseries Sentinel-5 images in Google Earth Engine. Pollutants. 2022;2(2):156-71. [DOI]
16. Broomandi P, Karaca F, Nikfal A, Jahanbakhshi A, Tamjidi M, Kim JR. Impact of COVID-19 event on the air quality in Iran. 2020. [DOI]
17. Mohammadi A, Ghassoun Y, Löwner M-O, Behmanesh M, Faraji M, Nemati S, et al. Spatial analysis and risk assessment of urban BTEX compounds in Urmia, Iran. Chemosphere. 2020;246:125769. [DOI] [PMID]
18. Nemati-Mansour S, Tayebi F, Zahedi A. Determination of environmental impact and energy recovery from municipal solid wastes in the Northwest of Iran. Health Science Monitor. 2023;2(4):233-7. [DOI]
19. Soleimani A, Toolabi A, Mansour SN, Abdolahnejad A, Akther T, Fouladi-Fard R, et al. Health risk assessment and spatial trend of metals in settled dust of surrounding areas of Lake Urmia, NW Iran. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2024;104(5):1172-85. [DOI]
20. Hashim BM, Al-Naseri SK, Al-Maliki A, Al-Ansari N. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on NO2, O3, PM2. 5 and PM10 concentrations and assessing air quality changes in Baghdad, Iraq. Science of the Total Environment. 2021;754:141978. [DOI] [PMID] [PMCID]
21. Varga G, Csávics A, Szeberényi J, Gresina F. Non-uniform tropospheric NO2 level changes in European :union: caused by governmental COVID-19 restrictions and geography. City and Environment Interactions. 2024:100145. [DOI]
22. Shahmiri Z, Izadi-Avanji F-S, Azizi-Fini I, Bahrami A, Atoof F. Assessing the influence of noise levels on medication errors of nurses in a hospital in Kashan, Iran. Health Science Monitor. 2024;3(1):1-10. [DOI]
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
