@article{ author = {Tahir, Dawood and Bhatti, Ihtisham Haider and Tariq, Wardah and Ginnaram, Shravya and Lipkin, Jacob}, title = {Unraveling a case of pantoprazole-induced-anaphylaxis requiring tracheostomy: A case report}, abstract ={Background:  Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used by 50.85%, 42.16%, and 40.97% of doctors, nurses, and pharmacists, respectively. The reported incidence of anaphylaxis with PPIs is under 1%. Case Presentation: We present the first-ever reported case of anaphylaxis to pantoprazole, which failed medical management with multiple attempts for endotracheal and nasotracheal intubation failed due to diffuse edema, necessitating the need for an urgent tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation. Famotidine replaced pantoprazole throughout the hospital course, and he had no further hypersensitivity reactions.   Conclusion: PPIs are effective but not without severe complications. Unfortunately, anaphylaxis is often misdiagnosed, increasing the risk of mortality and morbidity. Although anaphylaxis is rare, these reactions can be life-threatening. Emergency medicine and primary care physicians must be aware of the potential side effects of PPIs and should carefully monitor patients in inpatient and outpatient clinical settings.}, Keywords = {Anaphylaxis, Pantoprazole, Proton pump inhibitor, Tracheostomy }, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.61186/hsm.4.1.1}, url = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-202-en.html}, eprint = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-202-en.pdf}, journal = {Health Science Monitor}, issn = {}, eissn = {2980-8723}, year = {2025} } @article{ author = {Taavon, Maryam and TanhaeiMarand, Vahid and Feizollahzadeh, Sadegh}, title = {Evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination status and immune response among staff at Shahid Motahari Hospital, Urmia, 2021}, abstract ={Background & Aims:  The Ministry of Health and Treatment implemented vaccination as one of the primary strategies to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Given their critical role in treatment and disease control, healthcare workers were prioritized for vaccination. This study aims to assess the vaccination status and level of immunity against COVID-19 among healthcare workers at Shahid Motahari Hospital in Urmia, Iran, in 2021. Materials & Methods:  A cross-sectional study was conducted with 150 volunteer healthcare workers at Shahid Motahari Hospital. Venous blood samples were collected to measure severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies using the ELISA method. Data analysis was performed using version 16 of SPSS software. Results: The participants had a mean age of 37.5 years, with 47.3% being male. A significant 98% of the participants were vaccinated against COVID-19. The predominant vaccines administered were Sputnik V (72%), AstraZeneca (54%), and Sinopharm (27%). The mean level of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies was significantly higher in vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated individuals (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in antibody levels between male and female participants (p = 0.67). A positive correlation was observed between the number of vaccine doses received and the level of neutralizing antibodies (R = 0.207). Conclusion: Vaccination with the mentioned vaccines, whether administered singly or in combination, effectively increased serum antibody levels, providing sufficient protection against COVID-19 for healthcare workers. To maintain immunity levels among healthcare workers and protect against emerging strains of the virus, it is essential to administer booster doses.}, Keywords = {COVID-19, Immunity level, Iran, Healthcare workers, Vaccination}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {7-14}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.61186/hsm.4.1.7}, url = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-191-en.html}, eprint = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-191-en.pdf}, journal = {Health Science Monitor}, issn = {}, eissn = {2980-8723}, year = {2025} } @article{ author = {Saberi, Hassan and Neshasteriz, Mahshad and Zeinali, Ahad and Hoseini, Mohsen and Karimkhani, Lay}, title = {Exploring Health Effects of 6 and 15 MV X-ray Photons in Breast Cancer Therapy on heart and lung}, abstract ={Background & Aims: In cancer patients, radiation therapy is vital but can lead to long-term side effects due to exposure of healthy tissues. This study focuses on breast cancer patients, where unintended radiation can affect organs like the heart and lung. This study investigates how photon radiation energy impacts dose distribution in tumors, heart, and lung post-radiation therapy. Materials & Methods: Data from computed tomography (CT) scans of 20 female breast cancer patient’s post-mastectomy were analyzed. Treatment plans using 6 and 15 Mega-Volts (MV) energies for each patient were compared. The study considered a dose of 5000 cGy for each patient, evaluating conformity and homogeneity in the target volume, alongside average doses to sensitive organs using dose-volume histograms (DVH). Results: The results indicated that 15 MV energy reduced heart and lung doses compared to 6 MV during breast radiation therapy. Average heart doses at 6 and 15 MV were 706.15 and 630.35 cGy, respectively, and lung doses were 1630.05 and 1555.03 cGy, respectively. While 15 MV energy benefited organ doses, 6 MV provided better uniformity and homogeneity in dose distribution within the target volume. Conclusion: This study demonstrated significant differences in the dose received by organs at risk such as the heart and lung during radiation therapy with different photon energies, highlighting the importance of selecting the appropriate energy in safeguarding and health of vital organs.}, Keywords = {Breast cancer, Health effects, Heart and lung, High energy photon, Organ Doses, Radiation Therapy}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {15-22}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.61186/hsm.4.1.15}, url = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-210-en.html}, eprint = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-210-en.pdf}, journal = {Health Science Monitor}, issn = {}, eissn = {2980-8723}, year = {2025} } @article{ author = {Abyar, Maedeh and Simakanpour, Ali and Atazadegan, Mohammad Amin and Zare, Fatemeh and Zolghadr, Razieh and Yosaee, Somaye}, title = {Comparison of fasting blood sugar and lipid profile in obese/overweight patients with and without depression}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Obesity and depression have a two-way relationship, but the association remains inconclusive. Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia may be a possible explanation for these inconsistencies. Accordingly, this study aimed to compare fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipid profiles in obese/overweight patients with and without depression. Materials & Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 260 obese/overweight patients with (case: 130) and without depressive symptoms (control: 130). Beck's depression questionnaire was used to determine the depression status of the participants. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG) were measured using a spectrophotometric method. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was measured using the glucose oxidase method. All variables are expressed as means ± SD. Comparisons between the study groups were carried out using the Independent-Samples T-Test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in body mass index (BMI) (p > 0.360), waist circumference (WC) (p > 0.140), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p > 0.672), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p > 0.757), HDL-CC (p > 0.223), or TG (p > 0.658) in obese/overweight patients with and without depression. After adjusting for age, BMI, sex, marital status and educational level obese patients with depression had significantly higher FBS compared to obese patients without depression (p < 0.03). However, more and larger studies are needed to examine the relationship between depression and FBS. Conclusion: The association between FBS and the two-way relationship between obesity and depression may be explained by metabolic factors.}, Keywords = {Depression, Fasting blood sugar, Lipid profile, Obesity}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {23-28}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.61186/hsm.4.1.23}, url = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-188-en.html}, eprint = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-188-en.pdf}, journal = {Health Science Monitor}, issn = {}, eissn = {2980-8723}, year = {2025} } @article{ author = {Lone, Parvaiz Ahmad and Shah, Bashir Ahmad and Aslam, Nazish and Khan, Mudasir Ahm}, title = {Microscopic alterations in the hepatic architecture of male albino rats following administration of nandrolone decanoate}, abstract ={Background & Aims: The synthetic testosterone analog nandrolone decanoate (ND) is one of the most commonly used anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) among athletes and teens. Athletes who consume anabolic androgenic steroids regularly are more likely to develop liver issues, although the exact process is unknown. This experimental investigation aims to evaluate the impact of nandrolone decanoate treatment on the hepatic architecture of male rats. Materials & Methods: For the purpose of this study, twenty male albino rats were separated into two groups. Group A received peanut oil as a control, whereas Group B received weekly injections of nandrolone decanoate at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for eight weeks. The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks, following the guidelines provided by the Ethics Committee. After the rats were dissected, the liver tissue was collected and fixed in accordance with standard histological protocols. Hematoxylin and eosin were used to stain sections, and microscopic observations were recorded in both groups. Results: After 8 weeks, microscopic examination of the liver in the control group revealed no noticeable changes, while the group treated with nandrolone decanoate displayed large Kupffer cells, vacuolation of the hepatocytes, congestion of the central vein, and dilatation of the hepatic sinusoids. Conclusion: The research showed that abusing nandrolone decanoate causes liver issues such as hepatic sinusoidal dilatation, congestion, and vacuolation of hepatocytes. It also causes congestion in the central vein. This research highlights the need for well-designed trials with appropriate dosage considerations, as well as the examination of the long-term effects of nandrolone decanoate.}, Keywords = {Anabolic androgenic steroids, Liver histopathology, Nandrolone decanoate}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {29-36}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.61186/hsm.4.1.29}, url = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-194-en.html}, eprint = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-194-en.pdf}, journal = {Health Science Monitor}, issn = {}, eissn = {2980-8723}, year = {2025} } @article{ author = {DadashzadehSangary, Yeganeh and Janbozorgi, Masoud and Javanmard, Parsa and Mohamadhasanpuor, Selva and Amirzadeh-Irangh, Jamileh}, title = {Predicting resilience based on the components of spiritual health in the elderly of Urmia city: a coping strategy for the future}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Considering the many physical and psychological stresses in old age, it seems necessary to investigate the factors affecting the resilience and spiritual health of this group of people. For this reason, the present study was conducted to determine the components of spiritual health in predicting the resilience of older adults in Urmia City in 1402. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional correlational study, 180 married elderly individuals living in Urmia were selected through cluster sampling. The Spiritual Health and Resilience questionnaires were used in addition to the demographic questionnaire to collect data in this research. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 statistical software as well as descriptive statistical tests (mean and standard deviation, frequency, and percentage) and analytical tests (Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression) at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that the three variables of existential health (p < 0.00001), age (p < 0.00001), and number of children (p < 0.032) can significantly predict the resilience variable. In other words, with an increase in existential health and age, there is expected to be an increase in the resilience of the elderly. However, with an increase in the number of children, the resilience will decrease. Conclusion: The results of the present study can help health service providers identify effective resources for strengthening resilience in elderly empowerment planning. Resilience by creating better-coping strategies and defense mechanisms can enable older adults to address flexibility issues and be less exposed to mental and emotional disorders of old age.}, Keywords = {Elderly, Existential health, Religious health, Resilience, Spiritual health}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {37-45}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.61186/hsm.4.1.37}, url = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-199-en.html}, eprint = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-199-en.pdf}, journal = {Health Science Monitor}, issn = {}, eissn = {2980-8723}, year = {2025} } @article{ author = {KazempourDizaji, Mehdi and Roozbahani, Rahim and Varahram, Mohammad and Kiani, Arda and Zare, Ali and Abedini, Atefe and Emamhadi, Mohammad Ali and Nadji, Syeyd Alireza and AlizedehKolahdozi, Niloufar and Marjani, Maji}, title = {Estimation of the reproductive number of COVID-19 in Iran and studying the role of health measures and social restrictions in changes of this index}, abstract ={Background & Aims: The reproductive number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can reflect what level of health measures and social restrictions are needed to control the disease. Hence, this study was aimed to estimate the reproductive number of COVID-19 in Iran and study the role of health measures and social restrictions in changes of this index. Materials & Methods: In this study, the data required to estimate the reproductive number of COVID-19 was collected from 4372 people with COVID-19 referred to Dr. Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran and also the statistics of the Ministry of Health of Iran. The role of health measures and social restrictions was also examined in changing this number. Results: Based on the study results, the reproductive number of COVID-19 was estimated to be about 2.75 in Iran. Considering a minimum of 10% and a maximum of 90% for the number of health measures and social restrictions, this number would be decreased from 2.48 to 0.28, respectively. Based on these results, the minimum rate of health measures and social restrictions to reduce the reproductive number of COVID-19 was 70% in Iran. At this level of health measures and social restrictions, the reproductive number of COVID-19 would be 0.82. Conclusion: Estimating the reproduction number of COVID-19 and studying the role of health measures and social restrictions on the changes in this number will provide an appropriate level of preventive measures to control the pandemic of this disease.}, Keywords = {COVID-19, Epidemic, Health measures, Reproductive number, Social restrictions}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {46-52}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.61186/hsm.4.1.46}, url = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-193-en.html}, eprint = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-193-en.pdf}, journal = {Health Science Monitor}, issn = {}, eissn = {2980-8723}, year = {2025} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Farzaneh and EmamgholizadehMinaei, Soraya and Mazaher, Zahr}, title = {Occupational burnout among radiographers in Urmia hospitals, Iran: a study two and a half years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic}, abstract ={Background & Aims:  This study was conducted two and a half years after the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to evaluate the occupational burnout rates among radiographers of Urmia hospitals in Iran, and to investigate the factors influencing their mental health and burnout during this period. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted based on a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed in three sections: the first part collected data on sociodemographic characteristics; the second section included questions related to the participants' COVID-19 conditions, and the last part included the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) to evaluate the occupational burnout rates among respondents. A total of 142 responses were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent samples t-test in SPSS version 20. Results: The mean (± SD) scores for subscales of burnout including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment were 15.19 (± 12.60), 3.11 (± 4.25), and 35.28 (± 9.54), respectively. Factors associated with COVID-19, as well as income and maternal status, showed the strongest correlation with the subscales of burnout. Conclusion: Although, at the time of our study, there was a significant decrease in the number of new COVID-19 cases, stress related to the coronavirus was still common among radiographers. This highlights the importance of ongoing monitoring of staff mental health over extended periods. Implementing measures such as providing adequate facilities to reduce the risk of infection transmission, along with ensuring fair compensation and appropriate salaries during crises, can significantly improve the mental health of healthcare workers.}, Keywords = {Burnout, COVID-19, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Radiographer}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {53-61}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.61186/hsm.4.1.53}, url = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-208-en.html}, eprint = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-208-en.pdf}, journal = {Health Science Monitor}, issn = {}, eissn = {2980-8723}, year = {2025} } @article{ author = {EsmHusseini, Gholamreza and Fereidouni, Javi}, title = {Health and safety systems in Islam based on Quran and Islamic narrations}, abstract ={Background & Aims: One significant aspect of Islam's comprehensiveness is its health recommendations, which are vital for both worldly and spiritual well-being, as reflected in verses, traditions, and the lives of the Imams (PBUH). This research aims to elucidate the health system within Islamic teachings using a descriptive and library-based approach. Materials & Methods: The study begins by extracting health recommendations from Islamic texts, followed by an analysis through the lens of jurisprudence to outline the framework of Islamic health and wellness, including its goals, methods, and overarching principles. Results: The findings reveal that Quranic and religious teachings, along with rational and narrative foundations, emphasize the biological, behavioral, and cultural aspects of health. The research highlights the foundations, goals, dimensions, and cognitive, behavioral, and emotional strategies related to health in Islam, underscoring their systematic relationships with the health system through jurisprudential principles. Conclusion: It concludes that adherence to these principles significantly influences human behavior and lifestyle, ultimately affecting one's health and spiritual fulfillment in this life and the hereafter, thereby gaining the pleasure of God Almighty.}, Keywords = {Hadith, Health, Islam, Quran, Safety}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {62-71}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.61186/hsm.4.1.62}, url = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.html}, eprint = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.pdf}, journal = {Health Science Monitor}, issn = {}, eissn = {2980-8723}, year = {2025} } @article{ author = {Jalali, Fariba and Ghobadi, Nahi}, title = {Environmental risk assessment of dry solid waste separation in urban districts using FMEA: a case study in Karaj city}, abstract ={Background & Aims: The interaction of household waste with many waste materials that are now used in various forms in industries and residential homes, and their lack of separation, has doubled the problems of garbage collection and disposal. This study aimed to assess the environmental risks associated with dry solid waste separation at a designated hall in District 10 of Karaj, Iran, utilizing the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method. Materials & Methods: The FMEA method was employed to identify and evaluate potential environmental hazards, including soil and groundwater pollution, air pollution, noise pollution, and reduced fuel resources. Risk Priority Numbers (RPNs) were calculated for each hazard based on severity, occurrence, and detectability. Results: The results indicated that soil pollution from salon washwater (RPN 504), air pollution from burning dry waste (RPN 441), and groundwater pollution from salon washwater (RPN 448) posed the highest risks. Other significant risks included soil pollution from spraying (RPN 288), groundwater pollution from pesticide spraying (RPN 294), and reduced fuel resources (RPN 280). Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need for critical control measures, such as installing a standard septic tank, prohibiting the burning of waste, improving the hall's flooring and drainage system, and implementing proper waste disposal and disinfection practices. This study underscores the importance of a comprehensive risk assessment approach for effective waste management and environmental protection in urban areas.}, Keywords = {Environmental risks, FMEA, Risk assessment, Waste separation}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {72-81}, publisher = {Urmia University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.61186/hsm.4.1.72}, url = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-207-en.html}, eprint = {http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-207-en.pdf}, journal = {Health Science Monitor}, issn = {}, eissn = {2980-8723}, year = {2025} }