eng Urmia University of Medical Sciences Health Science Monitor 2980-8723 2024-08 3 3 179 194 article Ebrahim Abbasi abbasie.ebrahim@gmail.com 1 Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran In recent years, edible insects have often been mentioned as new and innovative food items. Food identity, culture, and traditions are a strong justification and argument for food choices. In the present study, we collected, reviewed, and summarized the findings of published qualitative studies about the cultural aspects and the main barriers to the consumption of edible insects in different geographical regions of the world. While insects are extensively employed as a source of animal feed across numerous areas in Latin America, Asia, and Africa, there exists cultural reluctance in various regions, particularly in the Western world, hindering widespread acceptance. This cultural resistance plays a crucial role in shaping the acceptability and prioritization of utilizing insects as food.  Cultural factors play an essential role in what? For example, the use of an insect species may be accepted by a region's population, but it is considered inedible in neighboring tribes. For example, In Iran, a type of cricket (mostly, Psalmocharias alhageos) is prevalent among local people in parts of Kerman Province and South Khorasan, while in other provinces, they do not consume it. The main obstacles to using insects for animal feed are customs and cultures, fear of consuming food, disgust, and disease risk factors. Therefore, there is a need for measures such as education, public policies, and cultural and marketing interventions that can lead to risk reduction, change of beliefs, cultural norms, and social acceptance. Despite persistent cultural barriers, there is a growing inclination towards altering cultural beliefs, resulting in increased acceptance and consumption of edible insects. http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-126-en.pdf Barriers Consumption Cultural aspects Edible insects per Urmia University of Medical Sciences Health Science Monitor 2980-8723 2024-08 3 3 195 202 article Javad Rasouli rsljvd@yahoo.com 1 Arzoo Hosseini Arezoo.h231@yahoo.com 2 Vahid Alinejad VAHIDALINEJAD64@GMAIL.COM 3 Assistant Professor, Epidemiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran M.Sc. student, Epidemiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (Corresponding Author) Assistant Professor, Statistics, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Background & Aims: Cardiovascular diseases are among the most important causes of death worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the trend of changes in the death rate due to cardiovascular diseases, with an emphasis on short- and long-term effective variables. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-analytical (time series) study, all deaths due to cardiovascular diseases registered in the health registration system of death cases by the Health Vice-Chancellor of Urmia University of Medical Sciences from 2018 to 2021 were analyzed. A total of 27,146 cases of death due to cardiovascular causes were recorded and included in our study. SPSS, Minitab, and SAS software were utilized for data analysis. Results: The rate of death due to cardiovascular causes in this study was 30.51% during the investigated period. The univariate time series model (ARMA 1, 2) was deemed the most suitable fit model for cardiovascular death data. Also, age and education were identified as effective factors in the rate of cardiovascular deaths. Conclusion: The trend of cardiovascular deaths has not been rising. It has increased with age and lower education levels over time. This rate has been further exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-146-en.pdf Cardiovascular Death rate Time series eng Urmia University of Medical Sciences Health Science Monitor 2980-8723 2024-08 3 3 203 215 article Mohammad Hossein Delshad h.delshad@modares.ac.ir 1 Soleiman Ahmady soliman.ahmadi@sbmu.ac.ir 2 Msc student, Department of Medical education, School of Medical education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti, Iran Professor of Medical education, Virtual School of Medical education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti, Iran Background & Aims: Two common teaching methods, the lecture and concept map method, focus on understanding how people learn effectively. The concept of learning styles pertains to the different ways that individuals prefer to learn. This study compares the effectiveness of lecture and concept map methods on student learning outcomes, considering the influence of learning styles (visual, auditory, read/write, kinesthetic). Materials & Methods: This randomized controlled trial with 78 public health students compared the effectiveness of concept mapping and traditional lecture methods. The VARK questionnaire was used to assess participants' learning styles. The intervention group received concept mapping instruction, while the control group received traditional lecture instruction. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The concept map method employed in the intervention group had a statistically significant effect on the learning of students with visual learning styles (p = 0.036). The mean learning style scores for the intervention group in the visual learning style increased from 45.2 to 51.3, while the mean scores for the control group increased from 44.8 to 46.1. No statistically significant differences were reported between the two groups in the other three learning styles (auditory, read/write, kinesthetic). Conclusion: Concept mapping is an effective teaching strategy with visual learning styles. Educators can use concept mapping to enhance deep learning experiences with different learning styles. The VARK model can be used to assess students' learning styles and guide instructional decisions. To create an inclusive and effective learning environment, educators should use a variety of teaching strategies and regularly assess students' learning styles. http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-142-en.pdf Cognition Educational measurement Problem-based learning Public health Students Teaching methods eng Urmia University of Medical Sciences Health Science Monitor 2980-8723 2024-08 3 3 216 225 article Saeed Hosseinpoor 1 Leila Ebrahimi Gangchin 2 Zahra Mirzazadeh 3 Aven Nuraldin Chaman 4 Amir Mohammadi 5 Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Background & Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns imposed unprecedented changes in urban environments, impacting air quality worldwide. This study investigates the influence of COVID-19 lockdowns on nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels in Urmia City, Iran, between 2018 and 2020. NO2, a key air pollutant emitted from various sources including motor vehicles and heating systems, poses significant health risks. Through comparative analysis, this study examines NO2 concentrations during pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, aiming to understand the environmental consequences of lockdown measures. Materials & Methods: Data collected from the Environmental Protection Agency of West Azerbaijan Province and analyzed using rigorous quality assurance measures reveal intriguing trends in NO2 levels across different seasons. Results: Despite expectations of reduced emissions during lockdowns, findings suggest complex dynamics influencing air pollution levels, with notable increases observed during certain periods of stringent restrictions. Further research is recommended to explore discrepancies in air quality trends and develop sustainable environmental management strategies for future challenges. Conclusion: This study contributes valuable insights into the environmental impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to safeguard public health and the environment. However, another source of NO2 emissions needed to be controlled. http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-169-en.pdf COVID-19 lockdowns Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Urban environment Urmia City eng Urmia University of Medical Sciences Health Science Monitor 2980-8723 2024-08 3 3 226 233 article Bola Adekola bola.adek333@gmail.com 1 Hafeez Aderinsayo Adekola adekola.hafeez@oouagoiwoye.edu.ng 2 Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria Background & Aims: This review presents the connection between personnel psychology and infectious viral diseases, which has important implications for public health and workforce management. Infectious viral diseases can have a significant impact on the workforce, causing absenteeism, decreased productivity, increased healthcare costs, and psychological distress. Therefore, understanding this link is crucial for developing strategies to prevent and manage outbreaks, promote employee well-being, and maintain productivity. Materials & Methods: The study adopted a qualitative analysis method using search queries carefully crafted to target specific aspects of the strategies employed by organizations such as Kaiser Permanente, Marriott International, and Google during the Ebola outbreak, COVID-19 pandemic, and swine flu, respectively. Results: The study deliberates on the nature of infectious viral diseases, their impacts on individuals and organizations, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic. It also explores the relationship between personnel psychology and infectious viral diseases, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and transmission dynamics, as well as social and behavioural factors. Conclusion: The article concludes by suggesting that organizations should take measures to prevent the spread of infectious viral diseases, support affected employees, and implement policies for sick leave and remote work, infection prevention training, and mental health support. http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-159-en.pdf Employee well-being Infectious viral diseases Outbreak prevention Personnel psychology Workforce management eng Urmia University of Medical Sciences Health Science Monitor 2980-8723 2024-08 3 3 234 242 article Fatemeh Farrokhi 1 Abolfazl Ghahramani 2 Samira Orujlu 3 Mohammad Hajaghazadeh hajaghazadeh@gmail.com 4 Master of Ergonomics, Public health school, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Associate professor, Department of Occupational health, Public health school, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Associate professor, Nursing & Midwifery School, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Associate professor, Department of Occupational health, Public health school, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Background & Aims: Musculoskeletal problems can develop due to the work conditions of nurses and laboratory technicians. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how much time nurses and laboratory technicians spent on high strain postures. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 32 nurses (from internal medicine and general surgery wards) and 20 laboratory technicians in a hospital located in Tabriz, northwestern Iran. The Nordic questionnaire and the rapid entire body assessment (REBA) method, with a new scoring algorithm, were used for ergonomic assessment. The 90th percentile was calculated for REBA components to determine the time spent by participants working in stressful postures in the upper extremity, upper quadrant, and trunk/lower extremity. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Results: Musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck (63.5%) and back (55.8%) were the most common. The time spent in high strain postures of upper extremity and trunk/lower extremity was statistically different between nurses and laboratory technicians. Internal medicine nurses and laboratory technicians were observed in high strain postures for 11% and 8% of their work hours, respectively. Conclusion: Internal medicine nurses are subjected to more biomechanical stress than general surgery nurses, particularly in the upper body. On the other hand, laboratory technicians work with biomechanical stress on their trunk and lower extremities. Ergonomic interventions are proposed to correct nurses' upper body postures and laboratory technicians' lower body postures. http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-123-en.pdf Ergonomic assessment Hospital Laboratory technician Nurse REBA eng Urmia University of Medical Sciences Health Science Monitor 2980-8723 2024-08 3 3 243 251 article Seyed Mostafa Seyed Askari mmaskari142@gmail.com 1 Mahbobeh Mohamadpour smsa_142@yahoo.com 2 Mozhdeh Delzendeh voaamin@yahoo.com 3 Amin Beigzadeh beigzadeh.amin@gmail.com 4 Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran Education Development Center, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran Background & Aims: Nowadays, with the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the death rate from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has significantly reduced. This has led to a reassessment of pregnancy and increased fertility intention among HIV-positive patients. The aim of this study was to determine the fertility intentions and the factors affecting them in HIV-infected patients. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on all patients (103 patients selected using convenience sampling) who referred to the Behavioural Disorders Counselling Centre in Kerman province from 2017 to 2021. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using Chi-square and logistic regression tests. A statistical significance level was considered at p < 0.05. Results: Among the patients, 38 (36.9%) were female and 65 (63.1%) were male. Seventy-five (72.8%) patients expressed fertility intentions. Fertility intentions were higher among male patients compared to female patients (47 versus 28). Patients who had knowledge of HIV transmission methods were 3.28 times more likely to have fertility intentions than those without such knowledge. There was a significant relationship between knowledge of HIV transmission methods and fertility intentions (CI: 1.33-8.08, OR: 3.28). Conclusion: Counselors are recommended to have enough psychological knowledge to encourage patients to seek counseling. Also, a plan is needed to encourage HIV-infected patients to refer to a relevant specialist to have a healthy child under the guidance of that specialist. http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-164-en.pdf Behavioural Clinic Fertility Intentions HIV-positive individual eng Urmia University of Medical Sciences Health Science Monitor 2980-8723 2024-08 3 3 252 260 article Sheida Naghizadeh sheidanaghizadeh76@gmail.com 1 Saman Farshid 2 Bahlol Rahimi bahlol.rahimi@gmail.com 3 Mohamad Jebraeily jabraily@gmail.com 4 Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Background & Aims:  The primary treatment for ureteric obstruction in modern urological practice is the placement of a ureteral stent. Likewise, a standard tool is needed for collecting the data to ensure the ureteral stent is removed. The purpose of this study is to identify the minimum data set (MDS) required for the ureteral stent registry at Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in two phases. The first phase extracted relevant data elements based on previous studies. In the second phase, a Delphi questionnaire was compiled and given to 20 urologists and experts in medical informatics and health information management using the data elements obtained from the first phase. The MDS of the system was determined during two Delphi steps. This study used descriptive statistics and SPSS software for data analysis. Results: A total of 78 data items were identified through analyzing various articles. After evaluating the results of the two stages of the Delphi questionnaire, the MDS for the ureteral stent registry was finalized with 63 data elements in 7 categories, including demographic information, social history, medical history, clinical information, diagnostic measures, treatment measures, and patient discharge. Conclusion: This study aimed to propose a MDS for the ureteral stent registry system. This data can greatly assist in effectively organizing information, supporting evidence-based decision-making, and facilitating high-quality clinical research. Furthermore, it enables the evaluation of treatment outcomes, monitoring of progress, and comparison of care standards. http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-161-en.pdf Minimum data set Registry system Ureteral stent eng Urmia University of Medical Sciences Health Science Monitor 2980-8723 2024-08 3 3 261 268 article Bahram Nabilou bnabil@umsu.ac.ir 1 Anita Hamdollahzadeh anita.pjm911@yahoo.com 2 Hasan Yusefzadeh yusefzadeh.h@umsu.ac.ir 3 Department of health economics and management, school of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Department of health economics and management, school of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Department of health economics and management, school of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Background & Aims: The performance of hospitals has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the performance of a cardiovascular hospital using indicators such as admissions and revenue. Materials & Methods: The medical records of patients with selected cardiovascular diseases were studied in a teaching cardiovascular hospital in the capital city of West Azerbaijan in the second quarter of 2019 and 2020. Data were collected from the medical records, including length of stay, hospitalization type, sex, age, insurance, deaths, and readmissions. Bills were collected from the revenue department and the hospital information system. Two performances, two results, and two control indicators were used. Revenue, length of stay, and bed occupancy rate were calculated for both periods. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 16) and the Mann-Whitney statistical test. Results: One thousand three hundred and forty-one cases were studied in two study periods, with 57% being hospitalized in 2019, showing a decline of 14% in 2020. A decrease was observed in the average length of stay and total revenue during the pandemic. The difference in the mean total revenue was significant for 2 years (P = 0.00). The percentage of readmissions decreased slightly, and deaths increased in 2020. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic undermined hospital performance. The analysis of the studied indicators showed that hospitalizations, bed occupancy rates, and total revenue followed a similar decreasing pattern in the selected hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. The hospital should adopt appropriate strategies so that, in conditions identical to the COVID-19 pandemic, its performance is accompanied by the proper management of resources, efficiency, and minimal reduction in revenue. http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-170-en.pdf Cardiovascular COVID-19 Death Hospital revenue Urmia eng Urmia University of Medical Sciences Health Science Monitor 2980-8723 2024-08 3 3 269 275 article Batool Zeidabadi zeidabadi.b@gmail.com 1 Mahsa Khodayarian mahsa.khodayarian6@gmail.com 2 Khadijeh Ahmadzadeh khj_ahmadzadeh@yahoo.com 3 PhD student Health Education and Health Promotion, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education & Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran PhD Medical Library and Information Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran Background & Aims: Mental health literacy training programs increase knowledge about mental health and mental illness among teenagers, which ultimately reduces the stigma associated with mental illness and increases help-seeking behavior. This study aims to investigate school-based mental health literacy programs in high school students. Materials & Methods: This study is a scoping review aimed at examining school-based mental health literacy programs in high school students. Studies published from the first year of the article’s publication related to the topic until April 10, 2024, were reviewed. Databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and ProQuest, as well as three Iranian scientific databases — Scientific Information Database (SID), Islamic World Science Citation Database (ISC), and Magiran for Persian studies, were searched using keywords of school-based mental health literacy, school-based mental hygiene literacy, school-based mental health, school-based mental hygiene, intervention, program, and curriculum. Results: Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studies will be examined and analyzed, and the information pertaining to these studies will be reported in accordance with the type of school-based mental health literacy training program, the training framework of the program, the program's objectives, and the findings. Conclusion: In student mental health literacy programs, if incorporating mental health education into school curricula is the ultimate goal, it makes sense for teachers to provide a classroom-based curriculum as they are likely to be the ones putting this into practice in the real world. http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-168-en.pdf Adolescents Guide Health literacy Mental health Program Review Schools