fa عمومى General پژوهشي Research Article <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:16.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><i><span style="font-size:9.0pt">Background & Aims</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt">: </span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt">The increasing focus on physical appearance is the primary motivator for women&#39;s desire to undergo cosmetic surgery. This study aimed to examine the associations between fear of negative social evaluation, negative body image, and the inclination towards cosmetic surgery among women.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:16.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><i><span style="font-size:9.0pt">Materials & Methods</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt">:</span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"> In this descriptive-correlational study, the statistical population included all girls and women referring to cosmetic surgery clinics in Karaj in 2022. Moreover, a sample of 200 participants was conveniently selected based on the Green sample size formula. The research tools were the standardized questionnaires of Henderson-King Tendency to Cosmetic Surgery, Littleton et al.&rsquo;s Negative Body Image, and Leary&rsquo;s Fear of Negative Evaluation. After collecting the data, analysis was performed in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software. </span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:16.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><i><span style="font-size:9.0pt">Results</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt">:</span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"> The findings showed that the standardized coefficients (&beta;) of negative body image (43.3%) and fear of negative social evaluation (23.8%) can predict the tendency for surgery among women candidates for rhinoplasty (&beta; = 0.434, <i>p </i>< 0.01; &beta; = 0.382, <i>p </i>< 0.01).</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:16.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><i><span style="font-size:9.0pt">Conclusion</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt">: </span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt">The results of this study showed that by conducting a psychological assessment of cosmetic surgery volunteers before any action, identifying psychological factors before surgery, and providing psychotherapy, can help individuals become aware of their distorted perception of reality in order to take action to resolve it.</span></span></span></span> Cosmetic surgery, Negative body image, Negative social evaluation 11 18 http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-181-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Ruqieh Shahani Shalmani shekufekazemi1370@gmail.com 10031947532846002286 10031947532846002286 No Assistant Professor of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Fatemeh Jafari fatrmehjafari44@gmail.com 10031947532846002287 10031947532846002287 Yes Master's student in psychology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran (Corresponding Author)