en Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Public Health Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Public Health مروری Review Article <h3 style="text-align:justify; margin-top:16px"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:black"><b>Background</b> Enhancing children&#39;s development is essential for both individual well-being and societal progress. From a public health perspective, Mobile Health (mHealth) interventions offer scalable and accessible approaches that can support child development and strengthen health system delivery. Despite the growing adoption of mHealth tools, a comprehensive synthesis of their specific impact on developmental indicator in early childhood remains limited. This protocol presents the methodology for a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of mHealth interventions on developmental indicators in children under five years of age.</span><br> <span style="color:black"><b>Methods</b> A systematic review will be conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify English-language articles published from January 2000 to December 2024. The search strategy will employ Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and relevant keywords. Study selection will follow the Participants, Interventions, Comparators, and Outcomes (PICO) framework. Two independent reviewers will perform study selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and risk of bias evaluation. Eligible studies will include those investigating mHealth interventions for children under five years old. Data will be synthesized narratively. The primary outcome will be the impact of mHealth interventions on children&rsquo;s developmental indicators, including cognitive, motor, language, and socio-emotional domains. Secondary outcomes will include: (i) the influence of mHealth on parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and (ii) a comparison of mHealth interventions with alternative developmental approaches.</span><br> <span style="color:black"><b>Conclusion</b> This review will provide evidence on the effectiveness of mHealth interventions in early childhood development and their potential influence on parents. It will also address the comparative benefits and limitations of mHealth strategies relative to other developmental methods. The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO and follows the PRISMA-P guidelines.</span><br> <span style="color:black"><b><i>Systematic review registration</i></b>: PROSPERO CRD42022339264.</span></span><br> &nbsp;</span></span></h3> Child development, Early childhood intervention, mHealth, Systematic review 4 9 http://hsm.umsu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-366-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Ghanbar Tavassoli gh.tavassoli@gmail.com 10031947532846004963 10031947532846004963 No Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Tahereh Samimi samimi.ta@umsu.ac.ir 10031947532846004964 10031947532846004964 No Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Hadi Lotfnezhad Afshar hadi.afshar@gmail.com 10031947532846004965 10031947532846004965 No Health and Biomedical Informatics Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Hamidreza Farrokh Eslamlou hamidfarrokh@gmail.com 10031947532846004966 10031947532846004966 No Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Bahlol Rahimi bahlol.rahimi@gmail.com 10031947532846004967 10031947532846004967 Yes Health and Biomedical Informatics Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran